If the terms “financial planner” and “investment manager” seem interchangeable to you, you’re not alone. Many people — even financial professionals — have a hard time differentiating. To truly maximize your financial well being, it’s important to understand the difference.

Confusion is common because the terms don’t just describe job titles; they also refer to distinct parts of an integrated financial process: financial planning and investment management.

Think about a house. When you build from scratch, you need an architect (who creates a detailed blueprint) and a builder (who executes in accordance with the plans). While their work is intimately connected, the architect and builder are attending to very different – yet equally important – parts of the ”dream home” process.

When you build your financial house, “financial planning” is the process of architecting a vision of your future. During this process your financial professional will ask (and help you answer) essential questions, such as:

Am I currently saving enough to meet my retirement goals?
How much house – or car – can I afford given my income and assets?
When should I start taking Social Security?

When you engage in “investment management,” you build on that financial plan by choosing the specific investments with which you’ll construct your portfolio. Investment management involves:

Selecting investments for purchase in areas such as the equity and/or fixed income markets
Monitoring and rebalancing assets, ideally in accordance with a written investment policy
statement
Tax loss harvesting where appropriate

When it comes to your dream home, you can find one organization that will both craft the architectural plan and build your house –or you can decouple the process. Similarly, when it comes to your ideal financial life, you can find one financial professional to help you with both financial planning and investment management –or separate the two services.

That’s where’s where the job titles can get confusing. Financial services professionals sport a wide array of them: financial planner, financial advisor, wealth manager, portfolio manager, money manager, investment manager, etc. Unlike the building profession, where the difference between an architect’s duties and a builder’s are crisply distinguished, the titles used in the financial services industry do not provide upfront definitions on who does financial planning and who does investment management. Some professionals will do both while others – with the exact same titles – are specialists. Consequently, it’s easy to waste time and money engaging a financial professional to fulfill one duty when what you really need is the other!

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